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bebtelovimab
bebtelovimab
175mgThis information is provided in response to your request. Resources may contain information about doses, uses, formulations and populations different from product labeling. See Prescribing Information above, if applicable.
What were the efficacy results for bebtelovimab to treat COVID-19?
Bebtelovimab 175 mg reduces viral load leading to rapid symptom resolution in both low- and high-risk patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.
Bebtelovimab Emergency Use Authorization
Bebtelovimab has not been approved, but has only been authorized for emergency use by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the duration of the declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of the emergency use of bebtelovimab under Section 564(b)(1)(C) of the Act, 21 U.S.C. 360bbb-3, unless the authorization is terminated or revoked sooner.1,2
Bebtelovimab is authorized for the treatment of mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults and pediatric patients (12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg)
- with positive results of direct SARS-CoV-2 viral testing, and
- who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death, and
- for whom alternative COVID-19 treatment options approved or authorized by FDA are not accessible or clinically appropriate.1,2
For information on the authorized use of bebtelovimab and mandatory requirements under the emergency use authorization (EUA), please review the FDA Letter of Authorization, Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers, and Fact Sheet for Patients/Caregivers at www.LillyAntibody.com/bebtelovimab. 1,2
Bebtelovimab in BLAZE-4 Clinical Trial
Clinical Trial Overview
BLAZE-4 is a phase 2, randomized, single-dose clinical trial evaluating treatment of non-hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19.1
Bebtelovimab was among the treatment interventions studied in BLAZE-4. It was evaluated alone and together with bamlanivimab and etesevimab in
- low-risk adults (ie, those not at high-risk to progress to severe COVID-19) and compared to a placebo control arm, and
- high-risk adults and pediatric patients (12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg) who all received open-label active treatments.1
Because there are other therapeutic options available, a placebo control could not be used to treat high-risk patients.1
Additional clinical trial details can be seen in Clinical Trial Overview of the Phase 2 BLAZE-4 Bebtelovimab Treatment Arms.
|
BLAZE-4 (NCT04634409) Phase 2 bebtelovimab treatment arms |
Design |
Phase 2, randomized, single-dose study in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. |
Locations |
United States |
Treatment arms |
Placebo-controlled portion (low-risk patients; treatment arms 9-11)
|
Open-label randomized portion (high-risk patients; treatment arms 12-13)a
|
|
Open-label non-randomized portion (high-risk patients; treatment arm 14)a
|
|
Key inclusion criteriab |
|
Key exclusion criteriab |
|
Primary outcomes |
|
Selected key secondary outcomes |
|
Abbreviations: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; CVD = cardiovascular disease; ER = emergency room; FiO2 = fractional inspired oxygen; GI = gastrointestinal; PaO2 = ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SOB = shortness of breath.
aHigh risk population had at least one of the following risk factors: ≥65 years of age, BMI ≥35 for adults or 85% based on CDC growth charts for adolescents, had chronic kidney disease, had type 1 or type 2 diabetes, had immunosuppressive disease, were currently receiving immunosuppressive treatment, had cardiovascular disease (including congenital heart disease) or hypertension, had chronic lung diseases (for example chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, moderate-to-severe asthma, interstitial lung disease, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension), had sickle cell disease, had a neurodevelopmental disorder (for example, cerebral palsy) or other conditions that confer medical complexity (for example, genetic or metabolic syndromes and severe congenital anomalies), or had a medical-related technological dependence (for example, tracheostomy, gastrostomy, or positive pressure ventilation [not related to COVID-19]). High risk factors expanded as the study progressed, therefore not all of these risk factors were included in earlier treatment arms.
bKey inclusion criteria in this table applied to both low-risk and high-risk patients. Patients in the low-risk arms were excluded if they had previously received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Additional inclusion and exclusion criteria for each population can be found at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04634409
cDefined as ≥24 hours of acute care.
Results
Baseline Demographics
BLAZE-4 Phase 2 Baseline Demographics describes baseline demographics of the low-risk and high-risk patients in the bebtelovimab treatment arms of BLAZE-4.
The baseline demographics and disease characteristics were well balanced across treatment arms with the exception of baseline serology status in the low-risk population. A higher percentage of patients in the placebo arm (15%) were positive for baseline serology than for bamlanivimab, etesevimab, and bebtelovimab together (9%), and bebtelovimab alone (7%).1
In the high-risk population, 20.7% of patients had at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.1
BLAZE-4 Placebo-controlled Portion in |
BLAZE-4 Randomized Open-label |
BLAZE-4 Non-Randomized Open-label |
|
Included treatment arms |
|
|
|
Total N |
N=380 |
N=150 |
N=176 |
Median age, years |
35a |
50b |
51c |
Female |
56% |
52% |
56% |
White |
79% |
75% |
80% |
Hispanic or Latino |
36% |
18% |
28% |
Black or African American |
19% |
18% |
16% |
Mild COVID-19 |
74% |
75% |
73% |
Moderate COVID-19 |
26% |
25% |
27% |
Mean duration of symptoms, days |
3.6 |
4.7 |
4 |
Mean viral load by cycle threshold (CT) |
24.63 |
26.66 |
23.45 |
Abbreviations: BAM = bamlanivimab; BEB = bebtelovimab; ETE = etesevimab.
a1 placebo patient was aged 65 or older.
b28 patients were aged 65 or older.
c35 patients were aged 65 years or older.
Efficacy
Placebo-Controlled Portion (Low-Risk Population)
The majority (96.8%) of the patients enrolled in these treatment arms did not meet the criteria for high-risk.1
The primary endpoint was the proportion of subjects with persistently high viral load (PHVL) by Day 7.1
PHVL occurred in
- 26 (21%) patients treated with placebo
- 16 (13%) patients treated with bamlanivimab 700 mg, etesevimab 1,400 mg, and bebtelovimab 175 mg together (vs placebo: p=.098; 38% [95% CI: -9%, 65%] relative reduction), and
- 17 (14%) patients treated with bebtelovimab 175 mg alone (vs placebo: p=.147; 34% [95% CI: -15%, 62%] relative reduction).1
Secondary endpoints included mean change in viral load from baseline to Day 3, 5, 7, and 11 (see SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Change from Baseline (Mean ± SE) by Visit from the Placebo-Controlled Portion of BLAZE-4 in Low-Risk Adults).1
Figure description: From baseline to day 11, SARS-CoV-2 viral load decreased at a numerically greater rate in the bebtelovimab and bamlanivimab + etesevimab + bebtelovimab treatment arms compared with placebo.
Doses: bamlanivimab 700 mg + etesevimab 1400 mg, bebtelovimab 175 mg together and bebtelovimab 175 mg alone.
Abbreviations: BAM = bamlanivimab; BEB = bebtelovimab; ETE = etesevimab; Pbo = placebo; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
For the secondary endpoint of COVID-19 related hospitalization (defined as ≥24 hours of acute care) or death by any cause by day 29, these events occurred in 2 (1.6%) patients treated with placebo as compared with 3 (2.4%) events in subjects treated with bamlanivimab 700mg, etesevimab 1400 mg, and bebtelovimab 175 mg together and 2 (1.6%) events in patients treated with bebtelovimab 175 mg alone.1
There was 1 subject treated with bamlanivimab 700 mg, etesevimab 1400 mg, and bebtelovimab 175 mg together who died on day 5. Conclusions are limited as COVID-19 related hospitalization and death rates are expected to be low in a low risk population.1
The median time to sustained symptom resolution as recorded in a trial specific daily symptom diary was 7 days (95% CI: 6, 8 days) for subjects treated with bamlanivimab 700 mg, etesevimab 1400 mg, and bebtelovimab 175 mg together (p=.289) and 6 days (95% CI: 5, 7 days) for subjects treated with bebtelovimab alone (p=.003) as compared with 8 days (95% CI: 7, 9 days) for subjects treated with placebo.1
Symptoms assessed were cough, shortness of breath, feeling feverish, fatigue, body aches and pains, sore throat, chills, and headache. Sustained symptom resolution was defined as absence of any of these symptoms, except for allowance of mild fatigue and cough, in two consecutive assessments. 1
Open-Label Portion (High-Risk Population)
High Risk Patients; Treatment arms 12-13
The majority (91.3%) of the patients enrolled in these dose arms meet the criteria for high-risk.
The proportion of patients with COVID-19 related hospitalization (defined as ≥24 hours of acute care) or death by any cause was assessed by Day 29.1
Events occurred in
- 2 (4%) subjects treated with bamlanivimab, etesevimab, and bebtelovimab together, and
- 3 (3%) subjects treated with bebtelovimab alone. 1
There was 1 patient treated with bebtelovimab 175 mg alone who died on Day 34.1
Mean changes in viral load from baseline to Day 3, 5, 7, and 11 are shown in SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Change from Baseline (Mean ± SE) by Visit from the Open-label Portion of BLAZE-4.
Figure description: From baseline to day 11, patients treated with both bebtelovimab and bamlanivimab + etesevimab + bebtelovimab experienced numerically similar decline in SARS-CoV-2 viral load.
Doses: bamlanivimab 700 mg + etesevimab 1400 mg, bebtelovimab 175 mg together and bebtelovimab 175 mg alone.
Abbreviations: BAM = bamlanivimab; BEB = bebtelovimab; ETE = etesevimab; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
The median time to sustained symptom resolution as recorded in a trial specific daily symptom diary was 7 days for subjects treated with bebtelovimab 175 mg alone.1
The effect of bebtelovimab on these efficacy endpoints are similar to those observed in phase 3 trials evaluating the authorized doses of bamlanivimab and etesevimab. These data, coupled with the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling data and nonclinical viral neutralization data, support that bebtelovimab is an effective treatment for subjects with mild to moderate COVID-19 and can prevent progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death.1
High Risk Patients; Treatment Arm 14
The majority (97.7%) of the patients enrolled met the criteria for high-risk, 31% of patients had at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, and 2 pediatric patients were enrolled (ages 14 and 15).1
The proportion of patients with COVID-19 related hospitalization (defined as ≥24 hours of acute care) or death by any cause was assessed by Day 29. Events occurred in 3 subjects, and no subjects died.1
Mean changes in viral load from baseline to
- Day 3 was -1.4
- Day 5 was -3.1
- Day 7 was -4.0, and
- Day 11 was -5.4.1
The median time to sustained symptom resolution as recorded in a trial specific daily symptom diary was 8 days.1
Overall Benefit-Risk Assessment and Limitations of Data Supporting the Benefits of the Product
Based on the data from BLAZE-4, bebtelovimab has been shown to improve symptoms in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Additionally, a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 viral load on Day 5 was observed relative to placebo, though the clinical significance of this is unclear.1
The placebo-controlled phase 2 data are limited by enrollment of only subjects without risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19, and the trial was not powered or designed to determine a difference in the clinical outcomes of hospitalization or death between the placebo and bebtelovimab treatment arms. Bebtelovimab has been studied in individuals who have risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19, but the efficacy analyses are limited due to the lack of a concurrent placebo control arm for this population.1
However, based on the totality of scientific evidence available, including the available phase 2 and pharmacokinetic data, along with the nonclinical viral neutralization data for Omicron and other variants of concern, it is reasonable to believe that bebtelovimab may be effective for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 to reduce the risk of progression to hospitalization or death.1
In addition, the mechanism of action for bebtelovimab is similar to other neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies, including bamlanivimab and etesevimab, that have data from Phase 3 clinical trials showing a reduction in hospitalization or death in high risk patients infected with other SARS-CoV-2 variants.1
The safety profile of bebtelovimab is acceptable with monitorable risks, and is comparable to other SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies, including bamlanivimab and etesevimab.1
Considered together, these data support that the known and potential benefits of treatment with bebtelovimab outweigh the known and potential risks in adults and pediatric patients (12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg) with positive results of direct SARS-CoV-2 viral testing and who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death and for whom alternative COVID-19 treatment options are not clinically appropriate or accessible.1
Clinical data summarized above were similar for bebtelovimab alone as compared to the combination of bamlanivimab, etesevimab and bebtelovimab administered together. Bebtelovimab retains activity against currently circulating variants.1
Enclosed Fact Sheet
References
1Fact sheet for healthcare providers. Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of bebtelovimab. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2022.
2United States Food and Drug Administration. Bebtelovimab FDA Emergency Use Authorization letter. Issued February 11, 2022. Accessed February 11, 2022. http://pi.lilly.com/eua/bebtelovimab-eua-fda-authorization-letter.pdf
3Data on file, Eli Lilly and Company and/or one of its subsidiaries.
4A study of immune system proteins in participants with mild to moderate COVID-19 illness (BLAZE-4). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04634409. Updated November 15, 2021. Accessed January 7, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04634409
Date of Last Review: February 14, 2022